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Self-expansion model
The self-expansion model is based on two key principles. The first is that humans have a primary motivation to self expand. The second principle is that individuals often achieve self-expansion through close relationships which allow the inclusion of the other in the self.
==The Self-Expansion Motivation==
One of the underlying themes of self-expansion is that individuals have a very basic motive to self expand. Self-expansion is the desire to enhance an individual’s potential efficacy.〔Aron, A., & Aron, E. N. (1996). Self and self expansion in relationships. In G. J. O. Fletcher and J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach (pp. 325-344). Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.〕〔Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Norman, C. (2001). Self expansion model of motivation and coginition in close relationships and beyond. In M. Clark & G. Fletcher (Eds.), Blackwell’s handbook of social psychology Vol 2: Interpersonal processes. Oxford: Blackwell.〕 Motivational models often refer to self-efficacy as one’s belief that they are competent and can achieve specific goals.〔Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84,191-215.〕 However, within the self-expansion model, potential efficacy is used instead as it only refers to obtaining resources that will make goal attainment possible. Achievement of this goal is a secondary concern.〔Aron, A., Norman, C. C., & Aron, E. N. (1998). The self-expansion model and motivation. Representative Research In Social Psychology, 221-13.〕 According to the self-expansion model we increase potential efficacy by creating close relationships, which in turn, increases material and social resources, perspectives and identities. Some examples of resources include the following: social support, possessions, information, and friendship networks. Perspectives are the way we appreciate the world and ascribe causal explanations for people’s behaviours. Identities refer to a person’s memories and characteristics. Self-expansion is not consciously motivated. A person does not explicitly attempt to be part of a close relationship for the sole intention of increasing physical and psychological resources.
However, the motivation to self-expand still does influence attraction to others for a potential close relationship. Aron and Aron 〔Aron, A., & Aron, E. N. (1996). Self and self expansion in relationships. In G. J. O. Fletcher and J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach (pp. 325-344). Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.〕 suggest that our attraction is broken down into two components based on Rotter’s value-expectancy approach. Desirability is the perceived total amount of self-expansion possible from a potential close relationship. The second factor, probability, refers to the likelihood that the close relationship with the individual can actually be formed. It can also be conceptualized as the likelihood that self-expansion will occur. Consequently, individuals will seek a partner that has high social status and a greater number of resources. However, to maximize self-expansion, consideration is also given to how likely this person will be loyal and desires to be in the close relationship.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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